IJCR’s 2003 Jewish Population Survey estimated the American Jewish population at 6 million Jews at a time when the National Jewish Population Survey was citing 5.2 million American Jews. The research also revealed that American Jews are more diverse than many assume, with 20% of America’s 6 million Jews or 1,200,000 having African American, Latino, Asian, mixed race, Sephardic, and Mizrahi heritage. Additionally, the survey found a nearly equal population of 6.7 million adults who are not Jewish but who have a connection to Judaism or the Jewish community. Some are married to Jews and feel identified with the community. Another group, some 4.2 million, consists of adults in the United States who have a Jewish grandparent or great-grandparent or more distant Jewish ancestor. The survey also explored methodological issues associated with surveying Jews and other marginalized populations, suggesting that there are many Jews that other studies miss.